一个短语是表达某个概念短语的英语的一组词。它被作为一个句子短语的英语的某个单元来使用。8类常见的短语如下图所示。

我们将对它们一一进行说明。

Noun Phrases (名词短语)

一个名词短语由名词和该名词的所有修饰语组成。

一些例句短语的英语：

The bewildered tourist was lost.The lost puppy was a wet and stinky dog.The flu clinic had seen many cases of infectious disease.It was a story as old as time.The sports car drove the long and winding road.Saturday became a cool, wet afternoon.Verb Phrases (动词短语)

一个动词短语由动词和它的所有修饰语组成。

一些例子：

He was waiting for the rain to stop.She was upset when it didn't boil.You have been sleeping for a long time.You might enjoy a massage.He was eager to eat dinner.Gerund Phrases (动名词短语)

动名词短语仅仅是以动名词开头的名词短语。

例子有：

Taking my dog for a walk is fun.Walking in the rain can be difficult.Strolling along a beach at sunset is romantic.Getting a promotion is exciting.Signing autographs takes time.Going for ice cream is a real treat.Singing for his supper was how he earned his keep.Getting a sore back was the result of the golf game.Pulling an all-nighter did not improve his test scores.Sailing into the sunset was the perfect end to the book.Infinitive Phrases (不定式短语)

不定式短语是以动词不定式开头的名词短语。

下面是一些例子：

To make lemonade, you have to start with lemons.I tried to see the stage, but I was too short.She organized a boycott to make a statement.To see Niagara Falls is mind-boggling.He really needs to get his priorities in order.The company decided to reduce hours for everyone.To donate time or money is an honorable thing.I went to Spain to study the language and culture.Appositive Phrases (同位语短语)

同位语短语用于重新表述某个名词。它由一个或多个单词组成。

例子有：

My favorite pastime, needlepoint, surprises some people.Her horse, an Arabian, was her pride and joy.My wife, the love of my life, is also my best friend.A cheetah, the fastest land animal, can run 70 miles an hour.My idea, a recycling bin for the office, was accepted by the boss.The Florida panther, the state animal of Florida, is an endangered species.Participial Phrases (分词短语)

分词短语以过去或现在分词开头。

一些例子：

Washed with my clothes, my cell phone no longer worked.Knowing what I know now, I wish I had never come here.I am really excited, considering all the people that will be there.We are looking forward to the movie, having seen the trailer last week.Grinning from ear to ear, she accepted her award.The happy dog ran the entire length of the park, pausing only to sniff the dandelions.Painted a brilliant white, the small room appeared bigger.The lake, frozen over all winter, was finally thawing.Prepositional Phrases (介词短语)

介词短语以介词开头短语的英语，可以充当名词、形容词或副词。

例如：

The book was on the table.We camped by the brook.He knew it was over the rainbow.She was lost in the dark of night.He was between a rock and a hard place.I waited for a while.She smelled of strawberries and cream.He won the challenge against all odds.Absolute Phrases (独立主格)

独立主格有自己的主语但缺少实意动词，因此不能作为完整的句子而独立存在。它修饰的是整个句子，而非某个名词。

一些例子：

His tail between his legs, the dog walked out the door.Picnic basket in hand, she set off for her date.The guys attacked the pile of nachos, their fingers getting the last bit of cheese off the plate.Their heads hanging down, the whole group apologized.The entire team, their uniforms muddy and stained, shouted for joy.

这里只列举了8类短语的一些例句。后续文章中会一一对它们进行更详细的解释说明。

(译自: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/phrase-examples.html.)